ACT 46 STUDY COMMITTEE

Representing the Brattleboro Town School District, Dummerston Town School District, Guilford Town School District, Putney Town School District, and the Vernon Town School District
http://www.wssu.k12.vt.us

NOTICE OF MEETING

The Act 46 Study Committee will meet at 6:00 p.m. on Wednesday, December 30, 2015 at the Academy School.

AGENDA

I. CALL TO ORDER – 6:00 p.m. – Alice Laughlin, Committee Chair

II. REVIEW, PRIORITIZE AND ESTABLISH DESIRED OUTCOMES FOR MEETING BY CHAIRPERSON

III. REVIEW COMMITTEE MEMBER ROLES AND PUBLIC COMMENTS BY CHAIRPERSON

IV. APPROVAL OF MINUTES – December 17, 2015

V. RECOGNITION OF GROUPS AND/OR INDIVIDUALS

VI. UPDATE ON PROGRAMMING AND FINANCES
Expanded Program Opportunities
Review of Potential Cost Savings
Review Financial Models
Update on Possible Union District Board Make Up
Review of School Advisory Groups
Update on School Choice Issue

VII. REVIEW COMPILED QUESTIONS FROM MEMBERS, THEIR LOCAL BOARDS, AND THEIR COMMUNITIES AND DETERMINE POSSIBLE WORK GROUPS

VIII. UPDATE ON WEBSITE AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

IX. FUTURE MEETINGS, DISCUSSIONS

X. ADJOURNMENT

….

Brattleboro Town School District, Dummerston Town School District,
Guilford Town School District, Putney Town School District and Vernon Town School District

Act 46 Study Committee

Work Session Agenda, Minutes and Action Items for
Thursday, December 17, 2015 – 6:00-8:00 PM – Putney Central School
Present
Brattleboro: Kim Price**, David Schoales*, Jill Stahl Tyler*, Mark Truhan*
BUHS/ BAMS/WRCC: Ricky Davidson* and Ian Torrey*
Dummerston: Kristina Naylor** ***, Amy Wall* – Clerk
Guilford: Beth Bristol*, Trista Kerber**
Putney: Richard Glejzer**, Alice Laughlin* – Chair
Vernon: Matt Coombs*, Walter Breau**
* denotes voting member, ** denotes alternate voting member, *** denotes ex officio member
Also present
WSESU: Lyle Holiday – Curriculum & Assessment, Frank Rucker – Business Manager, Ron Stahley – Superintendent
Others: BCTV staff, members of the public, Rep. Mike Mrowicki

Committee Guidelines
1. Work sessions will start and end on time.
2. Work sessions will last 2 hours.
3. Members will give and receive with good intentions.
4. Members will follow “3 before me” as a guideline so all members have the opportunity to speak.
5. Members will conduct Committee business in front of the group.
6. Members will understand that silence on the part of another member does not imply agreement.
7. Members will site sources of evidence during discussion.
8. All members will be included in conversation and no side conversations will be conducted during the work session.
9. Members will stay on topic during discussions and will request the Clerk make note of additional topic(s) for future discussion.
10. Members will engage in the work at hand and administration will provide the space and support as needed to do so.

Agenda Items Led by
– Call to order and review agenda Alice Laughlin
– Review Committee member roles and public comments Alice
– Approve of minutes of previous work session Alice
– Recognize visitors and allow 5 minutes for public comment Alice
– Review first draft of worksheet Alice/Ron Stahley/Lyle Holiday
– Discuss District Property Alice/Ron Stahley
– Continued review of Accelerated Merger financial model Frank Rucker
– Review compiled questions from member, local boards and Alice
communities and determine possible work groups
– Schedule future meetings Alice/Ron
– Recommend agenda items for next meeting Alice
– Adjourn

Work Session Minutes:
Chair Alice Laughlin called the work session to order at 6:00 pm with a review of the agenda. On a motion made by Ricky Davidson, seconded by Kim Price and so voted, the minutes of the December 3 work session were accepted with the change of Ricky Davidson and Ian Torrey shown as representing BUHS/BAMS.

Alice invited members of the public and Rep. Mike Mrowicki to speak during the 5 minute public commentary.

Lyle Holiday shared the draft wording for Worksheet Items #1 and #3. Ricky Davidson, Jill Stahl Tyler and Amy Wall shared information on the work of the subcommittees that address board composition, proportionality and programming. An 11 member (based on census population data) or a 13 member board (11 member board with at an large member from Putney/Dummerston and Guilford/Vernon) was offered as possibilities. Ron Stahley will contact the VT AOE to confirm compliance with state law re: proportionality.

The committee discussed how the assets from each member district might be addressed. It was decided that a subgroup should delve into the details and report back to the committee with options.

The committee also discussed school choice. Matt Coombs shared that Vernon wants to retain school choice. Ron Stahley shared a letter from legislative council. Unlike other districts around the state offering choice, Vernon can retain school choice because it is provided in a state law. Since Vernon is the only known exception in VT, this allows WSESU members to consider Act 46 options. The committee agreed to uphold Vernon’s long standing school choice option for middle/high school students. Ron Stahley pointed out that this does not add additional expense as Vernon’s cost per student electing school choice cannot exceed the state average. This amount is less than BAMS/BUHS costs.

The committee revisited several topics. Ron Stahley clarified questions about the length of the school day among the member districts. The difference in the length of the school day is 5-0 minutes and is due bus schedules. Also, the role of the committee with respect to educational programming was revisited and clarified. In general, it is the responsibility of School boards (and in this case, the Study committee) to provide the vision for public education in their communities and to work with Central Office staff who develops programs and budgets to implement this vision.

Frank Rucker led a review of the Accelerated Merger Financial information using different inputs and household values. The committee will continue to look at this information at all future meetings along with Central Office staff.

Ron Stahley shared that grant money should be available soon. He stated that Diane Watson has been recommended as a consultant in the area who might help the Study Committee with its work. Ron will contact Diane to learn if she is available and will report back to the committee.

Alice Laughlin and Ron Stahley led a discussion of School Advisory Committees and their roles in a Unified District. Ricky Davidson shared his experiences as a member of the BUHS board. BUHS board members are required to sit on three committees. One of the committees he serves on is the BAMS committee. As an example of how a School Advisory Committee might work, Ricky gave the example of how the after school program at BAMS was developed by the collective efforts of the BAMS committee, principal, staff and town organizations. Kim Price shared her experience on a School Advisory group and will provide this information in a written summary at the next meeting.

Amy Wall advised that a page has been added to the WSESU website for the Act 46 Study Committee. Meeting agendas and approved minutes will be posted. She is compiling Act 46 information in a document that can be used as a reference by the committee and shared with the public. A draft will be sent to Alice over the weekend and distributed to the committee thereafter. Community engagement was discussed. Ron shared that Dummerston will be hosting a public forum on 12/8 and Frank will present financial information. Other boards will be doing the same in their communities.

The committee agreed that all financial questions should be directed to Alice Laughlin who will compile and forward them to Frank Rucker to address. The committee agreed that all other questions should be directed to Amy Wall who will compile them for the committee to address.

Future meetings are scheduled as follows:
– 12/29/15 from 6-8 pm – Committee work session at Academy School,
– 01/07/16 from 6-8 pm – Committee work session at Dummerston School,
– 01/21/16 from 6-8 pm – Committee work session at Putney Central School, and
– 01/29/16 from 6-8 pm – Committee work session at Academy School.

Agenda items for next meeting on 12/29/15 include:
– Continue review financial model data – Accelerated Merge
– Continue work on the Worksheet and clarify outstanding issues re: #9 and #10
– Review information on School Advisory Committees – roles, responsibilities, composition, etc.
– Review examples of costs savings and expenses
– Confirm Vernon’s school choice
– Confirm proportionality requirements for SD Board.

On a motion made by Kim Price, seconded by Mark Truhan and so voted, the work session ended at 8:03 pm.

Action Items before next meeting and Responsible party
– Review Act 46 information at http://education.vermont.gov/laws/2015/act-46 All
– Review Addison-Rutland SU website at arsu.org All
– Forward financial questions to Alice at alicelaughlin@rocketmail.com All
– Forward general questions to Amy Wall at amhbeg@gmail.com All
– Monitor Grant request to AOE Ron
– Compile financial questions and forward to Frank Alice
– Compile Committee member questions Amy
– Continue ongoing revision/additions to Act 46 FAQ Amy
– Inquire about availability of consultant Ron
– Ensure info is posted on Act 46 Study committee page on WSESU website Amy, Kim
– Provide written summary of School Advisory Committee experience Kim
– Confirm proportionality requirements with VT AOE for a SD Board Ron
– Coordinate and schedule working group for worksheet items 9 and 10 Alice
– Provide estimates of anticipated cost savings/expenses Frank
– Provide information on expanded program opportunities Ron/Lyle
– Confirm Vernon’s school choice Ron

Respectfully submitted, Amy Wall – Committee Clerk

ACT 46 STUDY COMMITTEE

Representing the Brattleboro Town School District, Dummerston Town School District, Guilford Town School District, Putney Town School District, and the Vernon Town School District
http://www.wssu.k12.vt.us

NOTICE OF MEETING

The Act 46 Study Committee will meet at 6:00 p.m. on Thursday, December 17, 2015 at the Putney Central School.

AGENDA

I. CALL TO ORDER – 6:00 p.m. – Alice Laughlin, Committee Chair

II. REVIEW, PRIORITIZE AND ESTABLISH DESIRED OUTCOMES FOR MEETING BY CHAIRPERSON

III. REVIEW COMMITTEE MEMBER ROLES AND PUBLIC COMMENTS BY CHAIRPERSON

IV. APPROVAL OF MINUTES – December 3, 2015

V. RECOGNITION OF GROUPS AND/OR INDIVIDUALS

VI. REVIEW FIRST DRAFT OF WORKSHEET
Educational Programming
Consider Proportional Representation Options #9 and #10

VII. DISCUSS DISTRICT PROPERTY

VIII. CONTINUE TO REVIEW ACCELERATED MERGER FINANCIAL MODEL

IX. REVIEW COMPILED QUESTIONS FROM MEMBERS, THEIR LOCAL BOARDS, AND THEIR COMMUNITIES AND DETERMINE POSSIBLE WORK GROUPS

X. UPDATE ON WEBSITE AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

XI. FUTURE MEETINGS, DISCUSSIONS

XII. ADJOURNMENT

….

Act 46 Study Committee

Work Session Agenda, Minutes and Action Items for
Thursday, December 3, 2015 – 6:30-8:00 PM – Guilford Central School

Present
Brattleboro: Kim Price**, David Schoales*, Jill Stahl Tyler*, Mark Truhan*, Ricky Davidson* and Ian Torrey*
Dummerston: Kristina Naylor** ***, Amy Wall* – Clerk
Guilford: Beth Bristol*, Trista Kerber**
Putney: Richard Glejzer**, Alice Laughlin* – Chair
Vernon: Matt Coombs*, Walter Breau**
* denotes voting member, ** denotes alternate voting member, *** denotes ex officio member

Also present
WSESU: Lyle Holiday – Curriculum & Assessment, Frank Rucker – Business Manager, Ron Stahley – Superintendent

Others: BCTV staff, Howard Weiss-Tisman/VPR, members of the public

Committee Guidelines
1. Work sessions will start and end on time.
2. Work sessions will last 2 hours.
3. Members will give and receive with good intentions.
4. Members will follow “3 before me” as a guideline so all members have the opportunity to speak.
5. Members will conduct Committee business in front of the group.
6. Members will understand that silence on the part of another member does not imply agreement.
7. Members will site sources of evidence during discussion.
8. All members will be included in conversation and no side conversations will be conducted during the work session.
9. Members will stay on topic during discussions and will request the Clerk make note of additional topic(s) for future discussion.
10. Members will engage in the work at hand and administration will provide the space and support as needed to do so.

Agenda Items Led by
– Call to order and review agenda Alice Laughlin
– Review Committee member roles and public comments Alice
– Approve of minutes of previous work session Alice
– Recognize visitors and allow 5 minutes for public comment Alice
– Present Accelerated Merger Financial model Frank Rucker
– Discuss hiring a consultant Alice/Ron Stahley
– Update on addition to WSESU website for Study Committee Kim Price/Amy Wall
– Review compiled questions from member, local boards and Alice
communities and determine possible work groups
– Schedule future meetings Alice/Ron
– Recommend agenda items for next meeting Alice
– Adjourn

Work Session Minutes:
Chair Alice Laughlin called the work session to order at 6:30 pm with a review of the agenda. On a motion made by Ricky Davidson, seconded by Beth Bristol and so voted, the minutes of the November 19 work session were accepted with the addition of Walter Breau as alternate voting member from Vernon.

Alice Laughlin confirmed with the committee that voting, ex officio and alternate members present can participate in work session discussion. The public is invited to speak during the 5 minute public commentary as shown on the agenda. She provided highlights of the December 2 conversation with VT AOE staff. The use of Google docs by the committee outside of work sessions has not been resolved.

Frank Rucker led the committee in a review of the Accelerated Merger Financial information and its disclaimer. Frank emphasized that this model is for the Accelerated Merger only and that three key assumptions are made:
– % change in equalized pupil per year,
– % change in district education spending per year and
– % change in a Town’s home EGL (Equalized Grand List).

Based on a -2% change in equalized pupil per year and a 2% change in district education spending per year, the data for each WSESU member district was reviewed and discussed. Frank and Ron will work with the Accelerated Merger model to develop a better understanding of its workings and will provide information at upcoming meetings.

Alice Laughlin opened the work session to public comment. Howard Weiss-Tisman of VPR inquired about the timetable for public vote. Alice and Ron stated the State Board of Education (SBE) has scheduled two meetings in January for review of proposals. If a 2016 Town Meeting vote is desired, then the committee needs to provide a report to the SBE on or before its second meeting on January 16. Warnings for Town Meeting need to be provided to member towns by the end of January. The challenging work of this committee was acknowledged by the public. In response to a public question, it was noted that the financial data will be reviewed at upcoming individual school board meetings throughout WSESU.

Ron Stahley shared that grant money should be available soon. He stated that Diane Watson has been recommended as a consultant in the area who might help the Study Committee with its work. Ron will contact Diane to learn if she is available and will report back to the committee.

Ron Stahley led a review of the Accelerated Merger worksheet. Central Office staff offered to provide a first draft of the worksheet for the next work session. On a motion made by Jill Stahl Tyler, seconded by David Schoales and so voted, the committee agreed to form a working group for discussion and investigation of worksheet items 9 and 10 since they appear to require more in depth discussion and analysis. Alice Laughlin will contact committee members to find out who will participate from each board and will coordinate a meeting time.

Amy Wall advised that a page has been added to the WSESU website for the Act 46 Study Committee. Meeting agendas and approved minutes will be posted. She is compiling Act 46 information in a document that can be used as a reference by the committee and shared with the public. A draft will be sent to Alice over the weekend and distributed to the committee thereafter. Community engagement was discussed. Ron shared that Dummerston will be hosting a public forum on 12/8 and Frank will present financial information. Other boards will be doing the same in their communities.

The committee agreed that all financial questions should be directed to Alice Laughlin who will compile and forward them to Frank Rucker to address. The committee agreed that all other questions should be directed to Amy Wall who will compile them for the committee to address.

Matt Coombs pointed out the need for longer work sessions. The Committee agreed that work sessions should be increased from 1.5 to 2 hours long. The need for working groups was discussed but no action taken other than that previously noted. Future meetings were scheduled as follows:

– 12/17/15 from 6-8 pm – Committee work session at Putney Central School,
– 01/07/16 from 6-8 pm – Committee work session at Dummerston School,
– 01/21/16 from 6-8 pm – Committee work session at Putney Central School, and
– 01/29/16 from 6-8 pm – Committee work session at Academy School.

Agenda items for next meeting on 12/17/15 include:
– Continue review financial model data – Accelerated Merger
– Review first draft of Worksheet
– Central Office staff – all items except 9 and 10
– Working group – items 9 and 10.

On a motion made by Matt Coombs, seconded by Mark Truhan and so voted, the work session ended at 8:00 pm.

Action Items before next meeting and Responsible party
– Review Act 46 information at http://education.vermont.gov/laws/2015/act-46 All
– Review Addison-Rutland SU website at arsu.org All
– Forward financial questions to Alice at alicelaughlin@rocketmail.com All
– Forward general questions to Amy Wall at amhbeg@gmail.com All
– Monitor Grant request to AOE Ron
– Compile financial questions and forward to Frank Alice
– Compile Committee member questions Amy
– Complete Act 46 FAQ and send draft to Alice Amy
– Inquire about availability of consultant Ron
– Ensure info is posted on Act 46 Study committee page on WSESU website Amy, Kim
– Coordinate and schedule working group for worksheet items 9 and 10 Alice

Respectfully submitted, Amy Wall – Committee Clerk

ACT 46 STUDY COMMITTEE

Representing the Brattleboro Town School District, Dummerston Town School District, Guilford Town School District, Putney Town School District, and the Vernon Town School District
http://www.wssu.k12.vt.us

NOTICE OF MEETING

The Act 46 Study Committee will meet at 6:30 p.m. on Thursday, December 3, 2015 at the Guilford Central School.

AGENDA

I. CALL TO ORDER – 6:30 p.m. – Alice Laughlin, Committee Chair

II. REVIEW, PRIORITIZE AND ESTABLISH DESIRED OUTCOMES FOR MEETING BY CHAIRPERSON

III. REVIEW COMMITTEE MEMBER ROLES AND PUBLIC COMMENTS BY CHAIRPERSON

IV. APPROVAL OF MINUTES – November 19, 2015

V. RECOGNITION OF GROUPS AND/OR INDIVIDUAL ENGAGEMENT

VI. PRESENTATION OF ACCELERATED MERGER FINANCIAL MODEL

VII. DISCUSS HIRING A CONSULTANT

VIII. UPDATE ON WEBSITE AND COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

IX. REVIEW COMPILED QUESTIONS FROM MEMBERS, THEIR LOCAL BOARDS, AND THEIR COMMUNITIES AND DETERMINE POSSIBLE WORK GROUPS

X. FUTURE MEETINGS, DISCUSSIONS

XI. ADJOURNMENT: 8:00 p.m.

…….

Act 46 Study Committee

Work Session Agenda, Minutes and Action Items for
Thursday, November 19, 2015 – 6:30-8:00 PM – WRCC/BUHS

Present
Brattleboro: Kim Price**, David Schoales*, Jill Stahl Tyler*, Mark Truhan*, Ricky Davidson* and Ian Torrey*
Dummerston: Kristina Naylor** ***, Amy Wall* – Clerk
Guilford: Beth Bristol*, Trista Kerber**
Putney: Richard Glejzer**, Alice Laughlin* – Chair
Vernon: Matt Coombs*

* denotes voting member, ** denotes alternate voting member, *** denotes ex officio member

Also present
WSESU: Lyle Holiday – Curriculum & Assessment, Frank Rucker – Business Manager, Ron Stahley – Superintendent

Committee Guidelines
1. Work sessions will start and end on time.
2. Work sessions will last 1.5 hours.
3. Members will give and receive with good intentions.
4. Members will follow “3 before me” as a guideline so all members have the opportunity to speak.
5. Members will conduct Committee business in front of the group.
6. Members will understand that silence on the part of another member does not imply agreement.
7. Members will site sources of evidence during discussion.
8. All members will be included in conversation and no side conversations will be conducted during the work session.
9. Members will stay on topic during discussions and will request the Clerk make note of additional topic(s) for future discussion.
10. Members will engage in the work at hand and administration will provide the space and support as needed to do so.

Agenda Items Led by Duration (estimated)

– Review of agenda Alice 5 min
– Welcome and public input Alice 10 min
– Establish committee goal(s) and scope of work Alice 20 min
– Review study grant information, application & discuss funding request Alice 15 min
– Discuss need for a consultant Alice/Ron 15 min
– Establish meeting locations for meetings through January 2016 Alice/Ron 5 min
– Update on compilation of questions from members Alice 5 min
– Update on addition to WSESU website for Study Committee Kim/Amy 5 min
– Review action items All 5 min
– Recommend agenda items for next meeting All 5 min
– Adjournment

Work Session Minutes:

Chair Alice Laughlin called the work session to order at 6 pm with a review of the agenda. Minutes of the November 12 work session were reviewed and the following corrections made:
– Present: “Guilford: Beth Bristol*, Trista Kerber**” and
– Committee Guideline # 10: “Members will engage in the work at hand and administration will provide the space and support as needed to do so.”

The Committee discussed Public comment policy. Five minutes each meeting will be scheduled for public comment; however, the public needs to understand that this will not be an exchange. When questions or issues are brought to the attention of the Committee, the Clerk will make note and forward to the appropriate Town Committee member for follow up with the public.

Alice Laughlin and Ron Stahley provided information on the time line and work plan for the various options. The first topic of discussion was the VT AOE Study grants. Depending on the structure to be evaluated, various levels of funding are available for expenses including financial study of allowable scenarios, cost benefit analysis, preparation of final report and legal/consulting fees. To apply for a Study Grant, a choice – accelerated or conventional – must be selected. Based on this choice, funding of up to $20k and the appropriate financial model is made available. The financial model is provided to the Business manager only who in turn uses it to generate information for the Study Committee. Financial models are available only for the accelerated and conventional mergers. Other options have too many variables and financial data will need to be developed by the Study Committee. Selection of the accelerated merger does not restrict the Study Committee to this option only if it is deemed not appropriate by the Committee. After funding is awarded and if an accelerated merger is not feasible, then the Study Committee can contact the AOE to indicate a change to the conventional merger. On a motion made by Amy Wall, seconded by Ricky Davidson and so voted, the committee agreed to request funding of up to $20k (#3718) to investigate an accelerated merger.

Alice Laughlin opened the work session to a 5 minute public comment. Questions and comments focused on the financial model, its availability to local boards and general concerns regarding Act 46.

Alice Laughlin led the committee on a discussion of goals. VSBA has advised against using Google docs as it is a form of a meeting. Committee members questioned this and Alice will seek clarification. In the meantime, committee members should forward questions to Amy Wall/Clerk for compilation. The Committee agreed that their goal was summarized in the Act 46 legislation – “evaluate the advisability of creating a union or unified union K-12 school district.” On a motion made by Jill Stahl Tyler, seconded by Kim Price and so voted, the Committee agreed to investigate the accelerated merger.

The Committee discussed Public engagement and communication. Ron Stahley and Frank Rucker advised that the WSESU budget can handle $500-1000 to engage BCTV to record and broadcast the Committee work sessions. On a motion made by Jill Stahl Tyler, seconded by Kim Price and so voted, the Committee agreed to engage BCTV for up to cost of $1000. The Committee has its own page on the WSESU website and minutes and agendas are posted. Because of the constraints of the current software and personnel, Ron Stahley will talk with Gary Parzyk about creating something like the Addison-Rutland’s WordPress Act 46 Study Committee site. Alice Laughlin will write a letter to the editor of the Reformer to present information on Act 46 and the Committee’s work. The Committee thought that a combination of letters to the editor and press releases would provide needed information to the public. Additionally, public forums in each town will be held. Jill Stahl Tyler suggested that these public forums be a coordinated and concentrated effort.

Trista Kerber asked about the hiring of a consultant. Ron Stahley shared that the VSBA had provided the names of two possible consultants.

The Committee noted that school staff might have concerns regarding Act 46. Ron Stahley shared that he meets regularly with Union staff and will share pertinent information with the Union and the Committee, as appropriate.

Future events and meetings were scheduled as listed below:

– 12/2 at 9 am – Alice and Central Office Administrators will talk with VT AOE staff.
– 12/3 at 6 pm – Committee work session at Guilford School
– 12/17 at 6 pm – Committee work session at Putney Central School
– 1/7/16 at 6 pm – Committee work session at Dummerston School
– 1/21/16 at 6 pm – Committee work session at Putney Central School.

The Committee agreed that work sessions should be held at various locations throughout the district. Dates for Public Forums will be determined at an upcoming meeting. It was suggested that Steve Morris and/or Bill Mathis might be asked to attend to provide background/perspective.

Agenda items for next meeting on 12/3/15

– Review Financial Model data – Accelerated
– Updated on Website and community engagement
– Review compiled questions from members, their local boards and their communities
– Review Goals of possible work groups

On a motion made by Jill Stahl Tyler, seconded by Kim Price and so voted, the work session ended at 8:04 pm.

Action Items before next meeting and Responsible party
– Review Act 46 information All link: http://education.vermont.gov/laws/2015/act-46
– Review Addison-Rutland SU website All link: arsu.org
– Forward questions to Amy Wall All email: amhbeg@gmail.com
– Complete Grant request and forward to AOE Alice, Ron, Frank, Lyle
– Compile Committee member questions for review Amy
– Inquire about availability of consultants Ron, Frank, Lyle
– Inquire about developing website similar to ARSU Ron, Amy, Kim